I came across an article today from Gluten Freeville on a new study that I had to share with my gluten-free readers – a study that found a possible reason for an under-diagnoses of people with celiac disease. This study found that when getting an upper endoscopy (often used to determine if someone has celiac disease), usually there are less than four samples taken of the small intestine (biopsy). I guess the recommendation is for doctors to submit four biopsies, but typically doctors only submit two. Because of this, less people are getting diagnosed for celiac disease when they actually might have it.
I know that for my upper endoscopy, I did not show signs of celiac disease (no damaged cilia), but I don’t remember how many biopsies they took. However, due to my blood test results and other circumstances, I was diagnosed with celiac disease… despite my negative endoscopy results. According to Wikipedia, the small intestine is about 19 feet, on average. It’s possible for doctors to not find results from small intestine biopsies, especially if there are only a few samples taken (and if your damage isn’t yet severe).
Read more from Gluten Freeville:
A new study has found that most patients undergoing biopsy of the small intestine do not have the recommended number of samples to diagnose celiac disease. The study, published in the July 2011 issue of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, analyzed a national database of biopsy specimens maintained by Caris Life Sciences (Irving, TX). More than 100,000 patients had a biopsy of the small intestine, but only 35 percent of them had at least four samples taken, the number recommended by professional guidelines.
Celiac disease is common, affecting approximately 1 percent of the population in the United States. However, the vast majority of patients with celiac disease in the United States have not been diagnosed. Many of these patients seek health care for symptoms including diarrhea, weight loss, or fatigue due to anemia. The diagnosis of celiac disease is made by biopsy of the small intestine, but factors related to the performance of biopsy may contribute to the under-diagnosis of celiac disease in the United States.
“Celiac disease can affect the small intestine in a patchy distribution, and so just one or two biopsy samples could potentially miss the evidence of the disease,” said lead author Benjamin Lebwohl, MD, MS, a gastroenterologist at the Celiac Disease Center at Columbia University Medical Center, in New York. Dr. Lebwohl and co-authors aimed to measure the practice of small intestinal biopsy in the United States. The Caris pathology database consists of specimens submitted by gastroenterologists from 43 states as well as Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia. The team also compared the diagnosis rate among patients who had at least four specimens submitted, in accordance with guidelines.
The investigators identified 132,352 individuals who underwent biopsy between 2006 and 2009, for a variety of medical indications, including diarrhea, abdominal pain, esophageal reflux, and anemia. Only 35 percent of this group had at least four specimens submitted, and the most common number of specimens submitted was two. But adhering to the recommendation of submitting at least four specimens more than doubled the diagnosis rate of celiac disease.
Even when physicians indicated that they were suspicious of celiac disease (e.g., when patients had positive celiac disease blood tests), fewer than 40 percent of patients had at least four specimens submitted; the diagnosis was increased sevenfold when the guidelines were followed.
“The process of increasing the number of specimens from two to four takes approximately one extra minute during endoscopy,” said Dr. Lebwohl. Given the high incremental yield of submitting at least four specimens, taking this extra minute appears to be justified.
“In this study we identified just one of the factors contributing to the high rate of under-diagnosis of celiac disease in the United States. We plan on studying other physician-related factors that may also be operative,” said Dr. Peter Green, Director of the Celiac Center Columbia University Medical Center, who was also an author on the paper.
Here’s to hoping that doctors start taking more samples during the upper endoscopy!
